LE FANTÔME DE LOPÉRA ROMAN LIVRE GASTON LEROUX 1ÈRE ÉDITION HÉBRAÏQUE ISRAËL achats 1953
LE FANTÔME DE LOPÉRA ROMAN LIVRE GASTON LEROUX 1ÈRE ÉDITION HÉBRAÏQUE ISRAËL achats 1953
LE FANTÔME DE LOPÉRA ROMAN LIVRE GASTON LEROUX 1ÈRE ÉDITION HÉBRAÏQUE ISRAËL achats 1953


THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA GASTON LEROUX 1ST HEBREW EDITION ISRAEL 1953

This is an EXTREMELY RARE first Hebrew edition of the novel book THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA by GASTON LEROUX translated into Hebrew by JESHAYA LAVIT, published in Israel by "Paz" publishing in Tel Aviv in 1953. This book contains 167 pages. Color illustrated softcover. Good condition. Size: 6.75x4.75 inch, 17x12cm.

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The Phantom of the Opera (French: Le Fantôme de lOpéra), is a novel by French author Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serial in Le Gaulois from 23 September 1909 to 8 January 1910, and was released in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte.[1] The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the Paris Opera during the nineteenth century, and by an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupils skeleton in Carl Maria von Webers 1841 production of Der Freischütz.[2] It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the 1925 film depiction featuring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webbers 1986 musical.Contents1History behind the novel2Plot summary3Characters4Themes4.1Music4.2Mystery4.3Gothic horror4.4Romance5Critical reception6Adaptations7References8External linksHistory behind the novelLeroux initially was going to be a lawyer, but after spending his inheritance gambling he became a reporter for L’Echo de Paris. At the paper, he wrote about and critiqued dramas, as well as being a courtroom reporter. With his job, he was able to travel frequently, but he returned to Paris where he became a writer. Because of his fascination with both Edgar Allan Poe and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, he wrote a detective mystery entitled The Mystery of the Yellow Room in 1907, and four years later he published Le Fantôme de l’Opéra.[3] The novel was first published in newspapers before finally being published as a novel.The setting of The Phantom of the Opera is the actual Paris opera house, Palais Garnier. Leroux had heard the rumours about the time the opera house was finished: Act One of the opera Helle had just finished when a fire in the roof of the opera house melted through a wire holding a counterweight for the chandelier, causing a crash that injured several and killed one. Using this accident paired with rumors of a ghost in that same opera house, Leroux wrote Le Fantôme de lOpéra and published it in 1910, which was later published in English as The Phantom of the Opera.[4] The details about the Palais Garnier, and rumours surrounding it, are closely linked in Lerouxs writing. The underground lake that he wrote about does exist beneath the opera house, and it is still used for training firefighters to swim in the dark. The infamous chandelier crash also is true.[5] The mysteries that Leroux uses in his novel about the Phantom are still mysteries.[6] However, he defended the rumors to be true, even on his death bed.[7]The Phantom of the Operas origins came from Lerouxs curiosity with the Phantom being real. In the prologue, he tells the reader about the Phantom and the research that he did to prove the truth of the ghost. Lerouxs findings connected the corpse from the opera house to the Persian, to the Phantom, himself.[8]The serialized version contains an entire chapter (“Lenveloppe magique”) that does not appear in the novel version--though much of its content was added in other chapters--and was not reprinted in English until 2014.[9]Plot summaryIn the 1880s, in Paris, the Palais Garnier Opera House is believed to be haunted by an entity known as the Phantom of the Opera, or simply the Opera Ghost. A stagehand named Joseph Buquet is found hanged, the noose around his neck missing.At a gala performance for the retirement of the opera houses two managers, a young, little-known Swedish soprano, Christine Daaé, is called upon to sing in place of the Operas leading soprano, Carlotta, who is ill, and Christine’s performance is an astonishing success. The Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who was present at the performance, recognizes her as his childhood playmate and recalls his love for her. He attempts to visit her backstage, where he hears a man complimenting her from inside her dressing room. He investigates the room once Christine leaves, only to find it empty.At Perros-Guirec, Christine meets with Raoul, who confronts her about the voice he heard in her room. Christine tells him she has been tutored by the Angel of Music, whom her father used to tell them about. When Raoul suggests that she might be the victim of a prank, she storms off. Christine visits her fathers grave one night, where a mysterious figure appears and plays the violin for her. Raoul attempts to confront it but is attacked and knocked out in the process.Back at the Palais Garnier, the new managers receive a letter from the Phantom demanding that they allow Christine to perform the lead role of Marguerite in Faust, and that Box 5 be left empty for his use, lest they perform in a house with a curse on it. The managers assume his demands are a prank and ignore them, resulting in disastrous consequences, as Carlotta ends up croaking like a toad, and the chandelier suddenly drops into the audience, killing a spectator. The Phantom, having abducted Christine from her dressing room, reveals himself as a deformed man called Erik.Erik intends to hold her prisoner in his lair with him for a few days. Still, she causes him to change his plans when she unmasks him and, to the horror of both, beholds his noseless, sunken-eyed face, which resembles a skull dried up by the centuries. Fearing that she will leave him, he decides to hold her permanently, but when Christine requests release after two weeks, he agrees on the condition that she wear his ring and be faithful to him.On the roof of the Opera House, Christine tells Raoul about her abduction and makes Raoul promise to take her away to a place where Erik can never find her, even if she resists. Raoul tells Christine he will act on his promise the next day, to which she agrees. However, Christine sympathizes with Erik and decides to sing for him one last time as a means of saying goodbye. Unbeknownst to Christine and Raoul, Erik has been watching them and overheard their whole conversation.The following night, the enraged and jealous Erik abducts Christine during a production of Faust and tries to force her to marry him. Raoul is led by a mysterious Opera regular known only as "The Persian" into Eriks secret lair deep in the bowels of the Opera House. Still, they end up trapped in a mirrored room by Erik, who threatens that unless Christine agrees to marry him, he will kill them and everyone in the Opera House by using explosives.Christine agrees to marry Erik. Erik initially tries to drown Raoul and the Persian, using the water which would have been used to douse the explosives. Still, Christine begs and offers to be his "living bride," promising him not to kill herself after becoming his bride, as she had just attempted suicide. Erik eventually releases Raoul and the Persian from his torture chamber.When Erik is alone with Christine, he lifts his mask to kiss her on her forehead and is eventually given a kiss back. Erik reveals that he has never kissed anyone, including his own mother, who would run away if he ever tried to kiss her. He is overcome with emotion. He and Christine then cry together, and their tears "mingle." She also holds his hand and says, "Poor, unhappy Erik," which reduces him to "a dog ready to die for her."He allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day and return the gold ring he gave her. He also makes the Persian promise that afterward, he will go to the newspaper and report his death, as he will die soon "of love."Indeed, sometime later, Christine returns to Eriks lair, and by his request, buries him someplace where he will never be found, and returns the gold ring. Afterward, a local newspaper runs the simple note: "Erik is dead." Christine and Raoul elope together, never to return.The epilogue pieces together bits of Eriks life, information that "the narrator" obtained from the Persian. It is revealed that Erik was the son of a construction business owner, deformed at birth. He ran away from his native Normandy to work in fairs and caravans, schooling himself in the arts of the circus across Europe and Asia, and eventually building trick palaces in Persia and Turkey. Eventually, he returned to France and started his own construction business. After being subcontracted to work on the Palais Garniers foundations, Erik had discreetly built himself a lair to disappear in, complete with hidden passages and other tricks that allowed him to spy on the managers.CharactersErik: The Phantom of the Opera, a deformed conjurer also referred to as the Angel of Music and the Opera Ghost. He tutors and eventually becomes obsessed with Christine Daaé.Christine Daaé: A young Swedish soprano at the Paris Opera House with whom the Phantom develops a deep obsession.Vicomte Raoul de Chagny: Christines childhood friend and love interest.The Persian: A mysterious man from Eriks past.Comte Philippe de Chagny: Raouls older brother.Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard: The new managers of the opera house.Madame Giry: The operas box keeper (Mother of Meg)Meg Giry: Often referred to as "Little Meg", Madame Girys daughter, a ballet girl.Debienne and Poligny: The previous managers of the opera houseCarlotta: A spoiled prima donna; the lead soprano of the Paris Opera House.Madame Valérius: Christines elderly guardian.ThemesMusicLeroux uses the operatic setting in The Phantom of the Opera to use music as a device for foreshadowing.[10] Ribière makes note that Leroux was once a theatre critic and his brother was a musician, so he was knowledgeable about music and how to use it as a framing device. She uses the example of how Leroux introduces Danse Macabre which means "dance of death" in the gala scene which foreshadows the graveyard scene that comes later where the Phantom plays the fiddle for Christine and attacks Raoul when he tries to intervene.Drumright points out that music is evident throughout the novel in that it is the basis for Christine and Eriks relationship. Christine sees Erik as her Angel of Music that her father promised would come to her one day. The Phantom sees Christine as his musical protege, and he uses his passion for music to teach her everything he knows.[11]MysteryStylistically, the novel is framed as a mystery novel as it is narrated through a detective pulling his information from various forms of research.[12] The mystery being uncovered is the Phantom who lurks through the opera house, seemingly appearing in places out of nowhere as if by magic. But, it seems that the mystery novel persona was a facade for the real genre being more of a Gothic romance. [13]Gothic horrorIn his article, Fitzpatrick compares the Phantom to other monsters featured in Gothic horror novels such as Frankensteins monster, Dr. Jekyll, Dorian Gray, and Count Dracula. The Phantom has a torture chamber where he kidnaps and kills people, and the walls of the chapel in the graveyard are lined with human bones.[13] Indeed, Drumright notes that The Phantom of the Opera checks off every trope necessary to have a Gothic novel according to the Encyclopedia of Literatures description which says, “Such novels were expected to be dark and tempestuous and full of ghosts, madness, outrage, superstition, and revenge.”[14] Although the Phantom is really just a deformed man, he has ghost-like qualities in that no one can ever find him or his lair and he is seen as a monster. People are frightened by him because of his deformities and the acts of violence he commits.[11]RomanceThe novel features a love triangle between the Phantom, Christine, and Raoul. Raoul is seen as Christines childhood love whom she is familiar with and has affection for. He is rich and therefore offers her security as well as a wholesome, Christian marriage. The Phantom, on the other hand, is not familiar. He is dark, ugly, and dangerous and therefore represents the forbidden love. However, Christine is drawn to him because she sees him as her Angel of Music, and she pities his existence of loneliness and darkness.[11]Critical reception[icon]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)By the time Leroux published The Phantom of the Opera, he had already gained credibility as a crime mystery author in both French- and English-speaking countries. He had written six novels prior, two of which had garnered substantial popularity within their first year of publication called The Mystery of the Yellow Room and The Perfume of the Lady in Black.[10] Although previous commentators have asserted that The Phantom of the Opera did not attain as much success as these previous novels, being particularly unpopular in France where it was first published,[15] recent research into the novels early reception and sales has indicated the contrary.[16] One book review from the New York Times expressed disappointment in the way the phantom was portrayed, saying that the feeling of suspense and horror is lost once it is found out that the phantom is just a man.[17] The majority of the notability that the novel acquired early on was due to its publication in a series of installments in French, American, and English newspapers. This serialized version of the story became important when it was read and sought out by Universal Pictures to be adapted into a movie in 1925.[15] Leroux did not live to see all the success from his novel; he died in April 1927.[18]AdaptationsFurther information: Adaptations of The Phantom of the OperaPhantom of the Opera Performance on BroadwayThere have been many literary and other dramatic works based on Lerouxs novel, ranging from stage musicals to films to childrens books. Some well-known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical.Lerouxs novel was made into two silent films. The first film version, a German adaptation called, Das Gespenst im Opernhaus, is now a lost film. It was made in 1916 and was directed by Ernest Matray.[3]The next adaptation into a silent film was made in 1925 by Universal Studios. This version stars Lon Chaney Sr. as the Phantom. Due to tensions on the set, there was a switch in directors and Edward Sedgwick finished the film while changing the direction the movie was going to take. His take on the novel and making it a dark romantic movie with comedy was not popular with audiences.[3] Finally, the film was reworked one last time by Maurice Pivar and Louis Weber. They removed most of Sedgwicks contribution and returned to the original focus. This time, the movie was a success with audiences in 1925.[3]In Lloyd Webbers musical, he was focused on writing more of a romance piece and found the book and the musical took off from there. Lerouxs novel was more than just a mystery and had romance and other genres that would appeal to more audiences.[11] Lloyd Webber used accounts from within the novel in the musical as well such as the real-life event of the chandelier falling.[19] When Andrew Lloyd Webber created the musical, there started to be disagreements over whether it was "inspired by" or "based on" Gaston Lerouxs novel. Bill OConnell, an assistant to film producers in New York, contended for the original authors name to be included with the book that the musical is "based on" rather than "inspired by" because he viewed the latter as a minimization of Gaston Lerouxs connection with the story.[20] This was first produced in the mid-80s and has continued to remain popular, still running on Broadway and the West End and spawning multiple touring productions. The musical has received more than fifty awards and is seen by many as being the most popular musical on Broadway.Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (6 May 1868[1] – 15 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction.In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de lOpéra, 1910), which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, notably the 1925 film starring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webbers 1986 musical. His 1907 novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room is one of the most celebrated locked-room mysteries.Contents1Life and career2Novels2.1The Adventures of Rouletabille2.2Chéri Bibi2.3Other novels2.4Short stories2.5Plays3Filmography3.1Screenwriter4Misattributions5References6External linksLife and careerLeroux was born in Paris in 1868 and died in 1927 in Nice. After schooling in Normandy, he moved to Paris, where he completed his studies in law in 1889. He inherited millions of francs and lived wildly until he nearly reached bankruptcy. In 1890, he began working as a court reporter and theater critic for LÉcho de Paris. His most important journalism came when he began working as an international correspondent for the Paris newspaper Le Matin. He was present at, and covered, the 1905 Russian Revolution.Another case at which he was present involved the investigation and in-depth coverage of the former Paris Opera (presently housing the Paris Ballet).[1] The basement contained a cell that held prisoners of the Paris Commune.He left journalism in 1907 and began writing fiction. In 1919, he and Arthur Bernède formed their own film company, Société des Cinéromans, publishing novels and turning them into films. He first wrote a mystery novel titled Le mystère de la chambre jaune (1908; English title: The Mystery of the Yellow Room), starring the amateur detective Joseph Rouletabille. Lerouxs contribution to French detective fiction is considered a parallel to those of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the United Kingdom and Edgar Allan Poe in the United States.Leroux published his most famous work, The Phantom of the Opera, as a serial in 1909 and 1910, and as a book in 1910 (with an English translation appearing in 1911).Leroux was made a Chevalier de la Legion dhonneur in 1909.NovelsThe Adventures of Rouletabille1907 - Le mystère de la chambre jaune (English translation: The Mystery of the Yellow Room, 1907; Rouletabille and The Mystery of the Yellow Room, 2009, translated by Jean-Marc Lofficier & Randy Lofficier, ISBN 978-1-934543-60-3)1908 - Le parfum de la dame en noir (English translation: The Perfume of the Lady in Black, 1908)1913 - Rouletabille chez le Tsar (Rouletabille and the Tsar; English translation: The Secret of the Night, 1914)1914 - Rouletabille à la guerre (Rouletabille at War) consisting ofLe château noir (The Black Castle)Les étranges noces de Rouletabille (The Strange Wedding of Rouletabille;)1917 - Rouletabille chez Krupp (English translation: Rouletabille at Krupps, 2013, by Brian Stableford, ISBN 978-1-61227-144-6)1921 - Le crime de Rouletabille (The Crime of Rouletabille; English translation: The Slave Bangle, 1925; The Phantom Clue, 1926, translated by Hannaford Bennett)1922 - Rouletabille chez les Bohémiens (Rouletabille and the Gypsies; English translation: The Sleuth Hound [UK], 1926; The Octopus of Paris [US], 1927, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Chéri BibiPremière Aventures de Chéri-Bibi (1913, English translations: The Floating Prison [UK] and Wolves of the Sea [US], Translated by Hannaford Bennett in 1923)Chéri-Bibi et Cécily (1916, English translations: Missing Men: The Return of Cheri-Bibi [US], Cheri-Bibi and Cecily [UK], 1923, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Nouvelles Aventures de Chéri-Bibi (1921, English translations: Part I - The Dark Road, 1924; Part II - The Dancing Girl [UK], Nomads of the Night [US], Translated by Hannaford Bennett 1925)Le Coup dÉtat de Chéri-Bibi (1926, English translation: The New Idol, Translated by Hannaford Bennett 1928)Other novelsStill of Lon Chaney in The Phantom of the Opera (1925)Poster of the film adaptation of Balaoo in 1913La double vie de Théophraste Longuet (1903, English translations: The Double Life, 1909, translated by John E. Kearney; The Man with the Black Feather, 1912, translated by Edgar Jepson)Le roi mystère (1908)Le fauteuil hanté (1909, English translation: The Haunted Chair, 1931)Un homme dans la nuit (1910)La reine de Sabbat (1910, English translations: Part I as The Midnight Lady [UK], 1930; Part II as The Missing Archduke [UK], 1931)Le fantôme de lOpéra (1910, English translation: The Phantom of the Opera, 1911)Balaoo (1911, English translation: Balaoo, 1913)L épouse du soleil (1912, English translation: The Bride of the Sun, 1915)La colonne infernale (1916)Confitou (1916)L homme qui revient de loin (1916, English translation: The Man who Came Back from the Dead, 1916)Le capitaine Hyx (1917, English translation: The Amazing Adventures of Carolus Herbert, 1922, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La bataille invisible (1917, English translation: The Veiled Prisoner [UK], 1923, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Tue-la-mort (1920, English translation: The Masked Man, 1929)Le coeur cambriolé (1920, English translation: The Burgled Heart, 1925; The New Terror, 1926)Le sept de trèfle (1921)La poupée sanglante (1923, English translations: The Kiss That Killed, 1934, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La machine à assassiner (1923, English translation: The Machine to Kill, 1934)Les ténébreuses: La fin dun monde & du sang sur la Néva (1924)Hardis-Gras ou le fils des trois pères (1924, English translation: The Son of 3 Fathers, 1927, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La Farouche Aventure (serialized in "Le Journal" as La Coquette punie, 1924; English translation: The Adventures of a Coquette, 1926, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La Mansarde en or (1925)Les Mohicans de Babel (1926)Mister Flow (1927, English translation: Part I as The Man of a Hundred Faces [USA] and The Queen of Crime [UK], 1930; Part II as Lady Helena, or The Mysterious Lady [USA], 1931)Les Chasseurs de danses (1927)Pouloulou (1990, posthumous)Short storiesGaston Lerouxs "Notolympe" was translated into English as "The Mystery of the Four Husbands" and published in the December 1929 issue of Weird Tales.1887 - "Le petit marchand de pommes de terre frites"1902 - "Les trois souhaits"1907 - "Baïouchki baïou"1908 - "Lhomme qui a vu le diable" (English translation: "In Letters of Fire", 1908)1911 - "Le dîner des bustes" (English translation: "A Terrible Tale", 1925)1912 - "La hache dor" (English translation: "The Gold Axe", 1925)1924 - "Le Noël du petit Vincent-Vincent" (English translation: "The Crime on Christmas Night", 1930)1924 - "La femme au collier de velours" (English translation: "The Woman with the Velvet Collar", first English publication in Weird Tales, October 1929)1924 - "Notolympe" (English translation: "The Mystery of the Four Husbands", first English publication in Weird Tales, December 1929)1925 - "LAuberge épouvantable" (English translation: "The Inn of Terror", first English publication In Weird Tales, August 1929, Translated by Mildred Gleason prochet)
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THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA GASTON LEROUX 1ST HEBREW EDITION ISRAEL 1953

This is an EXTREMELY RARE first Hebrew edition of the novel book THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA by GASTON LEROUX translated into Hebrew by JESHAYA LAVIT, published in Israel by "Paz" publishing in Tel Aviv in 1953. This book contains 167 pages. Color illustrated softcover. Good condition. Size: 6.75x4.75 inch, 17x12cm.

Winning bidder pays $15.00 Postage international registered air mail.
Payment optioins: Paypal.
Authenticity 100% Guaranteed

Please have a look at my other listings.

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The Phantom of the Opera (French: Le Fantôme de lOpéra), is a novel by French author Gaston Leroux. It was first published as a serial in Le Gaulois from 23 September 1909 to 8 January 1910, and was released in volume form in late March 1910 by Pierre Lafitte.[1] The novel is partly inspired by historical events at the Paris Opera during the nineteenth century, and by an apocryphal tale concerning the use of a former ballet pupils skeleton in Carl Maria von Webers 1841 production of Der Freischütz.[2] It has been successfully adapted into various stage and film adaptations, most notable of which are the 1925 film depiction featuring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webbers 1986 musical.Contents1History behind the novel2Plot summary3Characters4Themes4.1Music4.2Mystery4.3Gothic horror4.4Romance5Critical reception6Adaptations7References8External linksHistory behind the novelLeroux initially was going to be a lawyer, but after spending his inheritance gambling he became a reporter for L’Echo de Paris. At the paper, he wrote about and critiqued dramas, as well as being a courtroom reporter. With his job, he was able to travel frequently, but he returned to Paris where he became a writer. Because of his fascination with both Edgar Allan Poe and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, he wrote a detective mystery entitled The Mystery of the Yellow Room in 1907, and four years later he published Le Fantôme de l’Opéra.[3] The novel was first published in newspapers before finally being published as a novel.The setting of The Phantom of the Opera is the actual Paris opera house, Palais Garnier. Leroux had heard the rumours about the time the opera house was finished: Act One of the opera Helle had just finished when a fire in the roof of the opera house melted through a wire holding a counterweight for the chandelier, causing a crash that injured several and killed one. Using this accident paired with rumors of a ghost in that same opera house, Leroux wrote Le Fantôme de lOpéra and published it in 1910, which was later published in English as The Phantom of the Opera.[4] The details about the Palais Garnier, and rumours surrounding it, are closely linked in Lerouxs writing. The underground lake that he wrote about does exist beneath the opera house, and it is still used for training firefighters to swim in the dark. The infamous chandelier crash also is true.[5] The mysteries that Leroux uses in his novel about the Phantom are still mysteries.[6] However, he defended the rumors to be true, even on his death bed.[7]The Phantom of the Operas origins came from Lerouxs curiosity with the Phantom being real. In the prologue, he tells the reader about the Phantom and the research that he did to prove the truth of the ghost. Lerouxs findings connected the corpse from the opera house to the Persian, to the Phantom, himself.[8]The serialized version contains an entire chapter (“Lenveloppe magique”) that does not appear in the novel version--though much of its content was added in other chapters--and was not reprinted in English until 2014.[9]Plot summaryIn the 1880s, in Paris, the Palais Garnier Opera House is believed to be haunted by an entity known as the Phantom of the Opera, or simply the Opera Ghost. A stagehand named Joseph Buquet is found hanged, the noose around his neck missing.At a gala performance for the retirement of the opera houses two managers, a young, little-known Swedish soprano, Christine Daaé, is called upon to sing in place of the Operas leading soprano, Carlotta, who is ill, and Christine’s performance is an astonishing success. The Vicomte Raoul de Chagny, who was present at the performance, recognizes her as his childhood playmate and recalls his love for her. He attempts to visit her backstage, where he hears a man complimenting her from inside her dressing room. He investigates the room once Christine leaves, only to find it empty.At Perros-Guirec, Christine meets with Raoul, who confronts her about the voice he heard in her room. Christine tells him she has been tutored by the Angel of Music, whom her father used to tell them about. When Raoul suggests that she might be the victim of a prank, she storms off. Christine visits her fathers grave one night, where a mysterious figure appears and plays the violin for her. Raoul attempts to confront it but is attacked and knocked out in the process.Back at the Palais Garnier, the new managers receive a letter from the Phantom demanding that they allow Christine to perform the lead role of Marguerite in Faust, and that Box 5 be left empty for his use, lest they perform in a house with a curse on it. The managers assume his demands are a prank and ignore them, resulting in disastrous consequences, as Carlotta ends up croaking like a toad, and the chandelier suddenly drops into the audience, killing a spectator. The Phantom, having abducted Christine from her dressing room, reveals himself as a deformed man called Erik.Erik intends to hold her prisoner in his lair with him for a few days. Still, she causes him to change his plans when she unmasks him and, to the horror of both, beholds his noseless, sunken-eyed face, which resembles a skull dried up by the centuries. Fearing that she will leave him, he decides to hold her permanently, but when Christine requests release after two weeks, he agrees on the condition that she wear his ring and be faithful to him.On the roof of the Opera House, Christine tells Raoul about her abduction and makes Raoul promise to take her away to a place where Erik can never find her, even if she resists. Raoul tells Christine he will act on his promise the next day, to which she agrees. However, Christine sympathizes with Erik and decides to sing for him one last time as a means of saying goodbye. Unbeknownst to Christine and Raoul, Erik has been watching them and overheard their whole conversation.The following night, the enraged and jealous Erik abducts Christine during a production of Faust and tries to force her to marry him. Raoul is led by a mysterious Opera regular known only as "The Persian" into Eriks secret lair deep in the bowels of the Opera House. Still, they end up trapped in a mirrored room by Erik, who threatens that unless Christine agrees to marry him, he will kill them and everyone in the Opera House by using explosives.Christine agrees to marry Erik. Erik initially tries to drown Raoul and the Persian, using the water which would have been used to douse the explosives. Still, Christine begs and offers to be his "living bride," promising him not to kill herself after becoming his bride, as she had just attempted suicide. Erik eventually releases Raoul and the Persian from his torture chamber.When Erik is alone with Christine, he lifts his mask to kiss her on her forehead and is eventually given a kiss back. Erik reveals that he has never kissed anyone, including his own mother, who would run away if he ever tried to kiss her. He is overcome with emotion. He and Christine then cry together, and their tears "mingle." She also holds his hand and says, "Poor, unhappy Erik," which reduces him to "a dog ready to die for her."He allows the Persian and Raoul to escape, though not before making Christine promise that she will visit him on his death day and return the gold ring he gave her. He also makes the Persian promise that afterward, he will go to the newspaper and report his death, as he will die soon "of love."Indeed, sometime later, Christine returns to Eriks lair, and by his request, buries him someplace where he will never be found, and returns the gold ring. Afterward, a local newspaper runs the simple note: "Erik is dead." Christine and Raoul elope together, never to return.The epilogue pieces together bits of Eriks life, information that "the narrator" obtained from the Persian. It is revealed that Erik was the son of a construction business owner, deformed at birth. He ran away from his native Normandy to work in fairs and caravans, schooling himself in the arts of the circus across Europe and Asia, and eventually building trick palaces in Persia and Turkey. Eventually, he returned to France and started his own construction business. After being subcontracted to work on the Palais Garniers foundations, Erik had discreetly built himself a lair to disappear in, complete with hidden passages and other tricks that allowed him to spy on the managers.CharactersErik: The Phantom of the Opera, a deformed conjurer also referred to as the Angel of Music and the Opera Ghost. He tutors and eventually becomes obsessed with Christine Daaé.Christine Daaé: A young Swedish soprano at the Paris Opera House with whom the Phantom develops a deep obsession.Vicomte Raoul de Chagny: Christines childhood friend and love interest.The Persian: A mysterious man from Eriks past.Comte Philippe de Chagny: Raouls older brother.Armand Moncharmin and Firmin Richard: The new managers of the opera house.Madame Giry: The operas box keeper (Mother of Meg)Meg Giry: Often referred to as "Little Meg", Madame Girys daughter, a ballet girl.Debienne and Poligny: The previous managers of the opera houseCarlotta: A spoiled prima donna; the lead soprano of the Paris Opera House.Madame Valérius: Christines elderly guardian.ThemesMusicLeroux uses the operatic setting in The Phantom of the Opera to use music as a device for foreshadowing.[10] Ribière makes note that Leroux was once a theatre critic and his brother was a musician, so he was knowledgeable about music and how to use it as a framing device. She uses the example of how Leroux introduces Danse Macabre which means "dance of death" in the gala scene which foreshadows the graveyard scene that comes later where the Phantom plays the fiddle for Christine and attacks Raoul when he tries to intervene.Drumright points out that music is evident throughout the novel in that it is the basis for Christine and Eriks relationship. Christine sees Erik as her Angel of Music that her father promised would come to her one day. The Phantom sees Christine as his musical protege, and he uses his passion for music to teach her everything he knows.[11]MysteryStylistically, the novel is framed as a mystery novel as it is narrated through a detective pulling his information from various forms of research.[12] The mystery being uncovered is the Phantom who lurks through the opera house, seemingly appearing in places out of nowhere as if by magic. But, it seems that the mystery novel persona was a facade for the real genre being more of a Gothic romance. [13]Gothic horrorIn his article, Fitzpatrick compares the Phantom to other monsters featured in Gothic horror novels such as Frankensteins monster, Dr. Jekyll, Dorian Gray, and Count Dracula. The Phantom has a torture chamber where he kidnaps and kills people, and the walls of the chapel in the graveyard are lined with human bones.[13] Indeed, Drumright notes that The Phantom of the Opera checks off every trope necessary to have a Gothic novel according to the Encyclopedia of Literatures description which says, “Such novels were expected to be dark and tempestuous and full of ghosts, madness, outrage, superstition, and revenge.”[14] Although the Phantom is really just a deformed man, he has ghost-like qualities in that no one can ever find him or his lair and he is seen as a monster. People are frightened by him because of his deformities and the acts of violence he commits.[11]RomanceThe novel features a love triangle between the Phantom, Christine, and Raoul. Raoul is seen as Christines childhood love whom she is familiar with and has affection for. He is rich and therefore offers her security as well as a wholesome, Christian marriage. The Phantom, on the other hand, is not familiar. He is dark, ugly, and dangerous and therefore represents the forbidden love. However, Christine is drawn to him because she sees him as her Angel of Music, and she pities his existence of loneliness and darkness.[11]Critical reception[icon]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2019)By the time Leroux published The Phantom of the Opera, he had already gained credibility as a crime mystery author in both French- and English-speaking countries. He had written six novels prior, two of which had garnered substantial popularity within their first year of publication called The Mystery of the Yellow Room and The Perfume of the Lady in Black.[10] Although previous commentators have asserted that The Phantom of the Opera did not attain as much success as these previous novels, being particularly unpopular in France where it was first published,[15] recent research into the novels early reception and sales has indicated the contrary.[16] One book review from the New York Times expressed disappointment in the way the phantom was portrayed, saying that the feeling of suspense and horror is lost once it is found out that the phantom is just a man.[17] The majority of the notability that the novel acquired early on was due to its publication in a series of installments in French, American, and English newspapers. This serialized version of the story became important when it was read and sought out by Universal Pictures to be adapted into a movie in 1925.[15] Leroux did not live to see all the success from his novel; he died in April 1927.[18]AdaptationsFurther information: Adaptations of The Phantom of the OperaPhantom of the Opera Performance on BroadwayThere have been many literary and other dramatic works based on Lerouxs novel, ranging from stage musicals to films to childrens books. Some well-known stage and screen adaptations of the novel are the 1925 film and the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical.Lerouxs novel was made into two silent films. The first film version, a German adaptation called, Das Gespenst im Opernhaus, is now a lost film. It was made in 1916 and was directed by Ernest Matray.[3]The next adaptation into a silent film was made in 1925 by Universal Studios. This version stars Lon Chaney Sr. as the Phantom. Due to tensions on the set, there was a switch in directors and Edward Sedgwick finished the film while changing the direction the movie was going to take. His take on the novel and making it a dark romantic movie with comedy was not popular with audiences.[3] Finally, the film was reworked one last time by Maurice Pivar and Louis Weber. They removed most of Sedgwicks contribution and returned to the original focus. This time, the movie was a success with audiences in 1925.[3]In Lloyd Webbers musical, he was focused on writing more of a romance piece and found the book and the musical took off from there. Lerouxs novel was more than just a mystery and had romance and other genres that would appeal to more audiences.[11] Lloyd Webber used accounts from within the novel in the musical as well such as the real-life event of the chandelier falling.[19] When Andrew Lloyd Webber created the musical, there started to be disagreements over whether it was "inspired by" or "based on" Gaston Lerouxs novel. Bill OConnell, an assistant to film producers in New York, contended for the original authors name to be included with the book that the musical is "based on" rather than "inspired by" because he viewed the latter as a minimization of Gaston Lerouxs connection with the story.[20] This was first produced in the mid-80s and has continued to remain popular, still running on Broadway and the West End and spawning multiple touring productions. The musical has received more than fifty awards and is seen by many as being the most popular musical on Broadway.Gaston Louis Alfred Leroux (6 May 1868[1] – 15 April 1927) was a French journalist and author of detective fiction.In the English-speaking world, he is best known for writing the novel The Phantom of the Opera (Le Fantôme de lOpéra, 1910), which has been made into several film and stage productions of the same name, notably the 1925 film starring Lon Chaney, and Andrew Lloyd Webbers 1986 musical. His 1907 novel The Mystery of the Yellow Room is one of the most celebrated locked-room mysteries.Contents1Life and career2Novels2.1The Adventures of Rouletabille2.2Chéri Bibi2.3Other novels2.4Short stories2.5Plays3Filmography3.1Screenwriter4Misattributions5References6External linksLife and careerLeroux was born in Paris in 1868 and died in 1927 in Nice. After schooling in Normandy, he moved to Paris, where he completed his studies in law in 1889. He inherited millions of francs and lived wildly until he nearly reached bankruptcy. In 1890, he began working as a court reporter and theater critic for LÉcho de Paris. His most important journalism came when he began working as an international correspondent for the Paris newspaper Le Matin. He was present at, and covered, the 1905 Russian Revolution.Another case at which he was present involved the investigation and in-depth coverage of the former Paris Opera (presently housing the Paris Ballet).[1] The basement contained a cell that held prisoners of the Paris Commune.He left journalism in 1907 and began writing fiction. In 1919, he and Arthur Bernède formed their own film company, Société des Cinéromans, publishing novels and turning them into films. He first wrote a mystery novel titled Le mystère de la chambre jaune (1908; English title: The Mystery of the Yellow Room), starring the amateur detective Joseph Rouletabille. Lerouxs contribution to French detective fiction is considered a parallel to those of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in the United Kingdom and Edgar Allan Poe in the United States.Leroux published his most famous work, The Phantom of the Opera, as a serial in 1909 and 1910, and as a book in 1910 (with an English translation appearing in 1911).Leroux was made a Chevalier de la Legion dhonneur in 1909.NovelsThe Adventures of Rouletabille1907 - Le mystère de la chambre jaune (English translation: The Mystery of the Yellow Room, 1907; Rouletabille and The Mystery of the Yellow Room, 2009, translated by Jean-Marc Lofficier & Randy Lofficier, ISBN 978-1-934543-60-3)1908 - Le parfum de la dame en noir (English translation: The Perfume of the Lady in Black, 1908)1913 - Rouletabille chez le Tsar (Rouletabille and the Tsar; English translation: The Secret of the Night, 1914)1914 - Rouletabille à la guerre (Rouletabille at War) consisting ofLe château noir (The Black Castle)Les étranges noces de Rouletabille (The Strange Wedding of Rouletabille;)1917 - Rouletabille chez Krupp (English translation: Rouletabille at Krupps, 2013, by Brian Stableford, ISBN 978-1-61227-144-6)1921 - Le crime de Rouletabille (The Crime of Rouletabille; English translation: The Slave Bangle, 1925; The Phantom Clue, 1926, translated by Hannaford Bennett)1922 - Rouletabille chez les Bohémiens (Rouletabille and the Gypsies; English translation: The Sleuth Hound [UK], 1926; The Octopus of Paris [US], 1927, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Chéri BibiPremière Aventures de Chéri-Bibi (1913, English translations: The Floating Prison [UK] and Wolves of the Sea [US], Translated by Hannaford Bennett in 1923)Chéri-Bibi et Cécily (1916, English translations: Missing Men: The Return of Cheri-Bibi [US], Cheri-Bibi and Cecily [UK], 1923, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Nouvelles Aventures de Chéri-Bibi (1921, English translations: Part I - The Dark Road, 1924; Part II - The Dancing Girl [UK], Nomads of the Night [US], Translated by Hannaford Bennett 1925)Le Coup dÉtat de Chéri-Bibi (1926, English translation: The New Idol, Translated by Hannaford Bennett 1928)Other novelsStill of Lon Chaney in The Phantom of the Opera (1925)Poster of the film adaptation of Balaoo in 1913La double vie de Théophraste Longuet (1903, English translations: The Double Life, 1909, translated by John E. Kearney; The Man with the Black Feather, 1912, translated by Edgar Jepson)Le roi mystère (1908)Le fauteuil hanté (1909, English translation: The Haunted Chair, 1931)Un homme dans la nuit (1910)La reine de Sabbat (1910, English translations: Part I as The Midnight Lady [UK], 1930; Part II as The Missing Archduke [UK], 1931)Le fantôme de lOpéra (1910, English translation: The Phantom of the Opera, 1911)Balaoo (1911, English translation: Balaoo, 1913)L épouse du soleil (1912, English translation: The Bride of the Sun, 1915)La colonne infernale (1916)Confitou (1916)L homme qui revient de loin (1916, English translation: The Man who Came Back from the Dead, 1916)Le capitaine Hyx (1917, English translation: The Amazing Adventures of Carolus Herbert, 1922, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La bataille invisible (1917, English translation: The Veiled Prisoner [UK], 1923, translated by Hannaford Bennett)Tue-la-mort (1920, English translation: The Masked Man, 1929)Le coeur cambriolé (1920, English translation: The Burgled Heart, 1925; The New Terror, 1926)Le sept de trèfle (1921)La poupée sanglante (1923, English translations: The Kiss That Killed, 1934, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La machine à assassiner (1923, English translation: The Machine to Kill, 1934)Les ténébreuses: La fin dun monde & du sang sur la Néva (1924)Hardis-Gras ou le fils des trois pères (1924, English translation: The Son of 3 Fathers, 1927, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La Farouche Aventure (serialized in "Le Journal" as La Coquette punie, 1924; English translation: The Adventures of a Coquette, 1926, translated by Hannaford Bennett)La Mansarde en or (1925)Les Mohicans de Babel (1926)Mister Flow (1927, English translation: Part I as The Man of a Hundred Faces [USA] and The Queen of Crime [UK], 1930; Part II as Lady Helena, or The Mysterious Lady [USA], 1931)Les Chasseurs de danses (1927)Pouloulou (1990, posthumous)Short storiesGaston Lerouxs "Notolympe" was translated into English as "The Mystery of the Four Husbands" and published in the December 1929 issue of Weird Tales.1887 - "Le petit marchand de pommes de terre frites"1902 - "Les trois souhaits"1907 - "Baïouchki baïou"1908 - "Lhomme qui a vu le diable" (English translation: "In Letters of Fire", 1908)1911 - "Le dîner des bustes" (English translation: "A Terrible Tale", 1925)1912 - "La hache dor" (English translation: "The Gold Axe", 1925)1924 - "Le Noël du petit Vincent-Vincent" (English translation: "The Crime on Christmas Night", 1930)1924 - "La femme au collier de velours" (English translation: "The Woman with the Velvet Collar", first English publication in Weird Tales, October 1929)1924 - "Notolympe" (English translation: "The Mystery of the Four Husbands", first English publication in Weird Tales, December 1929)1925 - "LAuberge épouvantable" (English translation: "The Inn of Terror", first English publication In Weird Tales, August 1929, Translated by Mildred Gleason prochet)
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LE FANTÔME DE LOPÉRA ROMAN LIVRE GASTON LEROUX 1ÈRE ÉDITION HÉBRAÏQUE ISRAËL achats 1953